Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute

@oiginstitute

The Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute at the Minneapolis Fed supports research to expand economic opportunity and inclusive growth for all. Reposts ≠ endorsement.

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Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· 2d

Risks to workers' jobs & earnings have often been chalked up to "productivity shocks" like technology. Research by visiting scholar Orazio Attanasio & consultant @mdenardi.bsky.social tries a fresh approach to data and finds a good job match is more important. Read more: https://bit.ly/3RV9lxa

Four hands hold illustrated puzzle pieces with anonymous profiles. Each piece connects around a central question mark and speech bubble.

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· 4d

Why are U.S. workers less likely to climb the job ladder & see real wage growth over their careers? New research points to employer concentration and non-competes as two reasons it's harder for workers to move. Read our new article: https://bit.ly/4wHih8j

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· 9d

An illustration shows people interacting with ladders on a blue background. Some are climbing, while others stand nearby. One person holds a cup. The scene suggests themes of progress and barriers.

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· 9d

The composition of job separations changes the answers to central macroeconomic questions about the business cycle. New working paper explores what labor supply does over the cycle, what business cycles cost, and more. https://bit.ly/3TWKUzQ

The image is a cover of a working paper by the Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute at the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, titled "What Quits and Layoffs Reveal About the Business Cycle" by Kathrin Ellieroth and Amanda Michaud.

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· 11d

How should retirees manage finances to balance consumption and health care cost shocks? New paper from Visiting Scholar Mitchell with Horneff, Maurer, and Odenbreit considers welfare effects of different approaches under existing regulatory structures. https://bit.ly/45KxXvD

Optimizing Retirement Financial Strategies working paper by Vanya Horneff, Raimond Maurer, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Julius Odenbreit. Published by the Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· 15d

Stay connected with Institute news, research, and insights with our quarterly Institute update. Sign up today: https://bit.ly/34cbIyV

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· 15d

Different types of neighborhood-specific policies have different effects on the sorting of families across neighborhoods. This paper uses a general equilibrium model to compare the macroeconomic impact of such policies at scale and over time. https://bit.ly/3RK33jH

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· 17d

The trajectory of productivity growth tells us the economy is producing more. Flat real wage growth tells us many workers are not benefiting from that progress. New article explores why workers are moving jobs less often, once a source of wage growth. https://bit.ly/4wHih8j

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· 19d

New Institute working paper looks at the chain from credit to firms to workers. From @economoser.bsky.social, @farzado.bsky.social, Benjamin Wirth, and Stefanie Wolter: https://bit.ly/4u2yCT0

The image shows a working paper cover from the Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. The paper is titled "Credit Supply, Firms, and Earnings Inequality" by Christian Moser, Farzad Saidi, Benjamin Wirth, and Stefanie Wolter. The design includes a split background with white and dark blue sections, and a gold accent.

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· Jun 29

If you participate in the U.S. economy, you deserve access to insights that researchers at the Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute provide. Learn more in our recently redesigned For All magazine. Read the latest issue here: https://bit.ly/32ycmGd

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· Jun 10

We are pleased to announce our 10th cohort of visiting scholars! These scholars will conduct and share research while in residence at the @minneapolisfed.bsky.social during the 2026–2027 academic year. Congratulations and welcome! https://bit.ly/4xibvqf

Headshots of 16 Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Visiting Scholars

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· May 28

To operate, firms often rely on external financing, so firms’ access to credit may affect workers’ wages + employment. In a new paper, @economoser, Saidi, Wirth, & Wolter examine the heterogeneous effects of credit supply on workers within & between firms https://bit.ly/4u2yCT0

A line graph titled "Impact of Negative Policy Rates on Firms' Leverage" displays data from 2010 to 2017. The x-axis represents years, and the y-axis represents the treatment effect, ranging from -0.06 to 0.02.

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· May 21

States with larger increases in employer concentration & higher prevalence of noncompete agreements show larger declines in efficiency of on-the-job-search. Niklas Engbom @anikbak.bsky.social @danicaratelli.bsky.social show how this has affected real wage growth in the U.S.: https://bit.ly/4cGPfNB

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· May 20

Why do 40% of high-aptitude students—especially low-income students—skip high-quality universities? Oksana Leukhina @stlouisfed.bsky.social research examines this "quality undermatch" gap and explores solutions to improve equality of opportunity. https://bit.ly/48ichsK  

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· May 19

Median household income reflects not only how much each person earns but also how many earners each household has. Changes in households have had large effects on U.S. trends in real median HH income, as senior economist Andrew Goodman Bacon & Richard Liu explain https://bit.ly/3Q5Q231  

An illustration shows a person standing in front of a large, open blue door that is part of a bar graph. The bars are in green, red, blue, and pink, with the blue bar being the tallest and shaped like a door. The background is yellow, and there is an arrow at the bottom right indicating growth or progress.

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· May 18

From Uber driver pay schedules to ACT scores to microequity financing, visiting scholar @kareemhaggag.bsky.social @uclaanderson.bsky.social uses economics to explore questions of poverty and inequality across diverse contexts. https://bit.ly/4mwnprA  

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· May 14

In the U.S., the length of family leave benefits is headed up--but the length of actual leave-taking appears headed down. Our article looks at the parental leave landscape with research from @rebecca-jack.bsky.social, @btimpe.bsky.social, and Danny Tannenbaum: https://bit.ly/49B9lrA

A stylized illustration of a diverse group of people in a workplace setting. Individuals are engaged in various activities such as working on laptops, writing, and discussing. One person is holding an infant. In the background, there are bookshelves, which suggest an office environment. The scene conveys a sense of collaboration and multitasking.

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· May 13

@jrothst.bsky.social wants to understand how jobs differ from each other--why firms in some regions of the country and some industries pay more than others. His research helps economists build a more realistic picture of the labor market. Read his interview: https://bit.ly/4mtubyq

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· May 12

What’s happening to the job ladder in the U.S.? In new paper Niklas Engbom @anikbak.bsky.social @danicaratelli.bsky.social show that employed workers today are about half as likely to receive a better-paying outside offer as they were in the 1980s. Read the paper: https://bit.ly/4cGPfNB

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· May 11

Nonwage income makes up approx 40% of total personal income in US--but differs in important ways from wage & salary income, its more familiar counterpart, and is more unequally distributed. We use IDDA & Health and Retirement Study data to assess this income source: https://bit.ly/4vy6KYY  

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· May 6

Households in the bottom third by income have an avg of $28K in nonwage income at age 65, and Social Security makes up about half. Households in top third have an avg of $114K and Social Security is less than one-fifth. More in For All data dive: https://bit.ly/41z7DCT  

A comparison graph split into two sections. The left graph shows income sources for the bottom third of households by income, with Social Security and self-employment as key contributors among other sources. The right graph displays the top third of households by income, highlighting Social Security and self-employment contributions. Both graphs cover age brackets from 55-59 to 70-74. Data from Health and Retirement Study, University of Michigan and RAND.

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· May 5

“When the data start telling us that things we think should be random don’t look like they’re random, there is a lot of fun in trying to think what could be going wrong." Read our spotlight on Chicago Fed's Dan Hartley and his research on housing policies https://bit.ly/3Q5Q231  

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· May 4

In the new issue of For All, we explore who has nonwage income, sources of intergenerational mobility, access to higher education, and the role of neighborhoods on loan repayment. Grab your copy or check it out online: https://bit.ly/32ycmGd

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· Apr 29

States with larger increases in employer concentration and higher prevalence of noncompete agreements show larger declines in efficiency of on-the-job-search. Niklas Engbom @anikbak.bsky.social @danicaratelli.bsky.social show how this has affected real wage growth in the U.S.: https://bit.ly/4cGPfNB

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· Apr 29

Most Americans receive relatively little nonwage income--the median in 2023 was just $3K per adult. But 2 groups uniquely rely on it: higher-income Americans & older Americans. We look at how nonwage income matters for these households in new For All https://bit.ly/4vy6KYY 

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· Apr 28

Firm quality and labor market frictions. Nudges to benefits-eligible populations. Universal child care. @jrothst.bsky.social 's work spans many topics, guided by the goal of designing well-functioning policy. He discusses what works in the new For All. https://bit.ly/4mtubyq  

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· Apr 28

Last call 📣to submit your work to the Institute Research Conference, which will take place in Minneapolis on Oct 8-9. Follow the link for last year's agenda and photos -- and the link to submit for this year! Deadline is May 3. https://bit.ly/3wiLpn8

Call for papers announcement for the 2026 Institute Research Conference by the Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. The conference is on October 8-9, 2026, in Minneapolis, MN. Submissions are due by May 3, 2026. Includes details on the conference theme related to economic opportunity and inclusion.

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· Apr 27

The spring issue of For All is out now! Grab your copy to learn more about nonwage income in the U.S. economy, what we can learn from real median household income, and where microequity financing is showing success. PDF available here: https://bit.ly/32ycmGd

The image shows the cover and back of "For All" magazine, Spring 2016 edition. The cover features a large tree with leaves and fruits shaped like currency symbols. Silhouetted figures are interacting with a large currency symbol integrated with the tree. The title reads "Beyond the Paycheck." The back cover has a plain white background with the magazine title "For All" in bold black letters.

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· Apr 24

Visiting scholar @kareemhaggag.bsky.social @uclaanderson.bsky.social likes to describe his research as lying at “the intersections of economics, psychology, and political science.” Now he is studying new frontiers in microfinance. Read his profile in For All: https://bit.ly/4mwnprA  

Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute@oiginstitute· Apr 23

Arriving at the Chicago Fed as colleagues were digitizing “residential security” maps, system affiliate Dan Hartley began researching how historic housing policies—from redlining to insurance reforms—continue to influence mobility and property values today. https://bit.ly/48TJGKm 