#BLM OTD 1874 Father Patrick Francis Healy became president of Georgetown University and the 1st African American to head a major predominantly white US university. He was born in Georgia in 1834 to an enslaved mixed-race mother & an Irish immigrant father. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1866 New Orleans Massacre: A white mob & police forces attacked a procession of mostly Black Union war vets & civil rights delegates attending a constitutional convention, resulting in 48 deaths & highlighting the violence of the Reconstruction era. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1940 Professional tennis in America integrated for the first time on the courts of the Cosmopolitan Tennis Club in New York City, where Black champion Jimmy McDaniel played Grand Slam legend Don Budge. Budge won the match 6-1, 6-2. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1868 the 14th Amendment was certified & added to the U.S. Constitution, establishing birthright citizenship, equal protection under the law & due process rights for all people born or naturalized in the country, including formerly enslaved individuals. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1919 The Chicago Race Riot began during the volatile Red Summer after Black teen Eugene Williams (17) was stoned & drowned in Lake Michigan for being in an unofficial white beach. The resulting 8-day civil unrest left 38 people dead & hundreds injured. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1919 a mob of white men moved through a neighborhood in Washington, D.C., gathering weapons and beating Black residents, starting a campaign of terror that would continue for days. The violence resulted in roughly 39 deaths and over 150 injuries. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1967: The Detroit Rebellion began following a police raid on an unlicensed bar, touching off five days of civil unrest that drew national attention to police brutality and systemic housing and job discrimination. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1939 NYC Mayor Fiorello La Guardia appointed 31-year-old Jane Matilda Bolin to the NYC Domestic Relations Court, making Bolin the 1st Black female judge in the U.S. In 1931 Bolin had become the 1st Black female to graduate from Yale Law School. #BlackAmericanHisotryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1959 The Boston Red Sox became the final Major League Baseball team to integrate their roster when they called up infielder Pumpsie Green. The move happened 12 years after Jackie Robinson broke the sport's color barrier. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1916 Wheatley-Provident Hospital was founded. The 1st medical facility to serve the Black community of KC, Missouri, it was the vision of Dr. J. E. Perry, a MeHarry Med School grad, because Blacks in KC were excluded from medical services & training. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

Escaping.

#BLM OTD 1944 the Port Chicago disaster, the worst WWII home-front tragedy, claimed 320 lives. Black sailors excluded from combat & forced to load munitions without proper training faced court-martial for mutiny after refusing to return to the hazardous docks. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1944 Irene Morgan, bussing from VA to MD arrested for not giving her seat to a white rider. Thurgood Marshall & William H. Hastle appealed her conviction to SCOTUS which reversed the conviction ruling interstate bus segregation laws unconstitutional. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1864 the first Black daily newspaper, The New Orleans Tribune, debuted. Financed by Dr. Louis C. Roudanez, it actively advocated for universal suffrage, equitable labor systems, integrated public schools, and civil rights during the Reconstruction era. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1943 The George Washington Carver monument became the 1st monument dedicated to an African-American. The site in Diamond, Missouri was the boyhood home of Carver who did groundbreaking research in the cultivation of sweet potatoes, peanuts & soybeans. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1863 NY Draft Riots began as working-class whites protested the Civil War draft. Tensions over job competition & the Emancipation Proclamation exploded into racist violence, Mobs attacked & lynched Black NYers & set fire to the Colored Orphan Asylum. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1875 Mary McLeod Bethune was born into poverty to formerly enslaved parents in South Carolina. She became a legendary educator & in 1904 w/ just $1.50 & 5 students founded a school in Daytona Beach, FL that is known today as Bethune-Cookman University. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1868 Louisiana & SC ratified the 14th Amendment to the Constitution providing the necessary 3/4 of states required to make the amendment law. It fundamentally reshaped civil rights by guaranteeing birthright citizenship & equal protection under the law #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHisotry

#BLM OTD 1876 The Hamburg Massacre in Aiken County, South Carolina. Armed white supremacists attacked a Black militia unit & townspeople resulting in the murders of at least 6 Black men in a coordinated effort to suppress newly won Black political power. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1948 civil rights activist Edna Griffin staged a historic sit-in at the Katz Drug Store in Des Moines, Iowa, after being refused service. The owner of Katz's was found guilty by an all-White jury of violating the 1884 Iowa Civil Rights Act. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1957 tennis icon Althea Gibson won the women's singles title at Wimbledon. Defeating American Darlene Hard, she made history as the 1st African American to win a Grand Slam championship, breaking barriers in a sport previously closed to Black athletes. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

This sums up the Republican Golden Rule: Do unto others NOT as you would have the do unto you.

#BLM OTD 1964 President Lyndon Johnson signed into law the Civil Rights Act (1964.) It prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1967 Air Force Major Robert H. Lawrence Jr. was selected as the 1st Black astronaut by the US Air Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. His selection broke barriers for diversity in national space programs. He tragically died in a jet crash. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1974 Mrs. Alberta King, mother of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., & deacon Edward Boykin were tragically shot and killed by a gunman during a church service at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia. The shooting was 6 years after MLK's assassination. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1967: Thurgood Marshall was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to be the first African American Justice on the United States Supreme Court. On this same date, Air Force Major Robert H. Lawrence Jr. was named the first African American astronaut. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1773 enslaved & free Black men petitioned the MA legislature demanding freedom & reparations. While the colonial House of Representatives passed a bill restricting the slave trade, it failed because Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson refused to sign it. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1968 Resurrection City—the massive, month-long encampment on the National Mall established by MLK Jr.'s Poor People's Campaign—was cleared by police & the National Guard. Protesters sought to nonviolently highlight the plight of America's impoverished. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1888 renowned abolitionist & orator Frederick Douglas made history at the Republican National Convention in Chicago. A delegate from Kentucky cast a roll call vote for Douglass, making him the 1st Black candidate placed in nomination for US President. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory

#BLM OTD 1965: Tennis legend Arthur Ashe led UCLA to the NCAA team tennis championship. Ashe remains the only Black man to win the singles title at Wimbledon, the US Open, and the Australian Open. Ashe was the 1st Black player selected to the US Davis Cup team. #BlackAmericanHistoryIsAmericanHistory