Majdanek Museum

@majdanekmuseum

The world’s first museum related to World War II and the Holocaust. We document the history of the German Majdanek concentration camp in Lublin and the extermination camps in Bełżec and Sobibór. www.majdanek.eu

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Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· 26d

17.07.1919|Eva-Brigitte Marum was born in Karlsruhe. In 1934 she emigrated from Germany to France. Caught in a street round-up in January 1943 she was later deported from Drancy to the German Nazi extermination camp SS-Sonderkommando Sobibor. Eva was murdered in the gas chambers on 30.03.1943.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· 26d

17.07.1942| Around 1800 Jews were deported from Dąbrowa Tarnowska to the German Nazi extermination camp SS-Sonderkommando #Belzec. They were herded into 26 freight cars and then murdered in the gas chambers just after their arrival. #Holocaust

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· 27d

16.07.1943|Polish man Feliks Cieplikiewicz prisoner no. 6134 died at the Majdanek concentration camp. He lived at the Grabowica village (Zamość region) and worked as a tinman. Germans arrested him and sent him to KL Lublin on 7 July in retaliation for the local partisan activity.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· 28d

Prisoner camp commander 📷Hermann Hackmann reported to Berlin that although over 80 POWs escaped, 41 were killed during their attempt. Two guards were tried and absolved by the SS court in Cracow after a brief investigation. The events of 14-15.07.1942 began the collapse of Koch’s career.

Blurry, close-up black-and-white photo of a man in an SS peaked cap and uniform, shown from a slight side angle. He has a thin moustache and collar patches with skull insignia on one side and rank pips on the other.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· 28d

15.07.1942|Around 50 Soviet POWs were executed at #Majdanek. They decided not to participate in the mass escape, which took place the day before. They were all shot at the prisoner field II in order to mask the incompetence of the camp garrison and the commandant 📷Karl Otto Koch.

Black-and-white archival photograph of a man in a Nazi SS uniform, shown from the chest up. He has short receding hair combed back, a stern expression, and is wearing a dark uniform jacket with a collar patch bearing four small square insignia.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· 29d

14.07.1942|Third transport held during the ghetto liquidation in Rzeszów – around 4000 Jews were deported to the German Nazi extermination camp SS-Sonderkommando #Belzec and murdered in the gas chambers. #Holocaust

Rusted metal letters spelling 'Rzeszów' in Hebrew and Polish script, mounted on a stone monument, with a large mound of crushed rock and rubble in the background.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· 29d

14.07.1942|The largest escape in the history of the #Majdanek concentration camp took place. 86 Soviet POWs breached the barbed-wired fence of field II and broke out of the camp. Only two of them were shot and despite the full-scale pursuit the remaining ones were never captured.

Black-and-white historical photograph showing rows of wooden posts strung with barbed wire, forming a concentration camp fence line that recedes into the distance across snow-covered, rocky ground. Wooden camp barracks are visible on both sides.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jul 8

08.07.1943|Dutch tinman, Hendrik Jacobs was registered at #Majdanek as prisoner no. 75. He was born on 21.02.1909 in Amsterdam. In spring 1944 he was transferred to #Natzweiler, in September to #Dachau. He was eventually liberated from Dachau’s Allach subcamp and survived WWII.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jul 7

07.07.1942| The SS commenced the liquidation of the ghetto in Rzeszów. Nearly 50 victims were shot en route to the train station and nearly 200 more inside the ghetto. Transport of ca. 4,000 Jews departed that day to the German Nazi extermination camp SS-Sonderkommando #Belzec.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jul 6

06.07.1943|Transport of 2417 Jews departed from Kamp Westerbork in the Netherlands to the German Nazi extermination camp SS-Sonderkommando #Sobibor. None of the deportees survived the war.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jul 3

At the very same time the Zentralbauleitung compiled a building cost estimate for the gas chambers building covered with a large shed. Construction was scheduled between July and September 1942. The first #Majdanek prisoners were murdered in the gas chambers in late September.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jul 3

Early July 1942| #Majdanek authorities reported to the SS Construction Office (Zentralbauleitung) in Lublin that the camp sentry towers were at 80% completion. All 8,8m watchtowers were erected and equipped with searchlights. 8 had full covering, 10 had a covered room on top.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jul 2

02.07.1943|The German chemical company Tesch & Stabenow (TESTA) informed the administrative offices of KL Lublin (#Majdanek) that they are unable to set a precise deadline for the next shipment of Zyklon B. The given reason was the producer’s being overwhelmed with orders.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jul 1

01.07.1942|Polish man Antoni Bielas was arrested by the German functionaries in Częstochowa. In January 1943 he was transferred to Majdanek and registered as prisoner no. 9142. He remained at the camp until his evacuation to KL Gross-Rosen in April 1944 and later to KL Mauthausen-Gusen. He survived.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jun 30

Only 8 of 17 perpetrators tried in Düsseldorf were actually sentenced. Some died during the trial, some were absolved. 2 SS orderlies, August Wilhelm Reinartz and 📷Günther Konietzny, responsible for selections of the sick sent to the gas chambers, were acquitted because of “poor health”.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jun 30

Among the indicted there were several female guards from #Majdanek. 📷Hermine Braunsteiner-Ryan (Stomping Mare), 📷Hildegarde Lächert (Bloody Brigitte), Charlotte Mayer, Rosa Süß, Hermine Bötcher, Alice Orlowski. Braunsteiner was the only defendant sentenced to life imprisonment.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jun 30

The defendants included 2 very important #Majdanek SS-men: 📷Hermann Hackmann (head of the prisoner camp) and Emil “Angel of Death” Laurich (political department/in-camp Gestapo). Laurich held brutal interrogations and often volunteered to personally execute hundreds of prisoners.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jun 30

30.06.1981|The verdict of the Düsseldorf trial was announced. It was the last big trial of #Majdanek garrison members with 17 defendants, both women and men. It began in November 1975 and was the longest trial of Nazi perpetrators in the history of judiciary.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jun 26

26.06.1943|Once the last prisoners of SS-Sonderkommando #Belzec dismantled the camp structures, the SS sent them to #Sobibór to gas them upon arrival. The deportees attacked the guards at the unloading ramp and were all shot. The sole survivor Chaim Hirszman escaped from the train.

Vintage black-and-white portrait photograph, heavily aged and water-damaged with a green/sepia tint, of a young man with dark, slightly tousled hair, looking toward the camera with a faint smile. He is wearing a dark, button-up military-style shirt or jacket. The print shows visible cracks, scratches, and discoloration consistent with an old archival photograph."

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jun 25

25.06.1906|Polish Jew and Holocaust survivor Kalmen Wewryk was born in Chełm. In the autumn of 1942 he was deported to the German Nazi extermination camp SS-Sonderkommando #Sobibor. Selected for labour he worked as a carpenter until the prisoner uprising. After WWII he lived in France and Canada.

Black-and-white portrait photograph of a young man facing the camera with a neutral expression. He has short, neatly combed hair and is wearing a dark jacket, collared shirt, and patterned tie. The image shows visible wear and damage, including creases and small tears along the edges and across the photograph.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jun 24

By mid-July 1943, 171 settlements were affected by displacements and burnt down partially or entirely. Over 36,000 villagers were taken to transit camps, then loaded into cattle cars and deported to Germany for forced labour. Nearly 9,000 victims were transported to #Majdanek.

Map of the Zamość region showing displacements from November 1942–July 1943. Orange shading marks areas of total displacement, orange stripes mark partial displacement, overlaid on county boundaries, roads, and railway lines. Labeled towns include Zamość, Biłgoraj, Hrubieszów, Tomaszów Lubelski, Szczebrzeszyn, Bełżec, and others, with the Bug and San rivers visible at the map's edges.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jun 24

24.06.1943|German forces launched Aktion Werwolf: the final stage of displacement operations at the Lublin-Zamość area in occupied Poland. By the means of deportations and mass murder of Poles it aimed at finding Lebensraum: ‘living space’ demanded by Hitler in his Nazi policies.

Black-and-white photo collage of nine identification-style portraits of Polish children and young people displaced from the Zamość region, each labeled with a name: Stefania Adamowicz, Stanisław Adamowicz, Aniela Błaszkiewicz, Stanisław Błazyński, Janina Błażciewicz, Edward Łysy, Genowefa Skiba, Karolina Skibińska, and Helena Zaborniak.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jun 19

19.06.1943|Polish man Eugeniusz Niechoda was imprisoned at Majdanek. He was among the 29 people arrested that day in a German round-up at the Jamy settlement. Registered as prisoner no. 19075 he was detained at field IV. Eugeniusz survived thanks to his release in September 1943.

ALT: Sepia-toned studio portrait photograph of a young man with dark, neatly combed hair, wearing a dark suit jacket, white shirt, and a striped tie. He looks directly at the camera with a serious expression. The photograph has the format and style of a mid-20th-century identity or document photograph, with some surface scratches and minor discolouration visible on the print.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jun 18

18.06.1944|Klemens Drzewiecki was arrested by the Germans as a resistance member. He was first detained at the transit camp in Zwierzyniec and then deported to #Majdanek. Klemens was kept at field I until the final camp evacuation in July 1944. He survived.

Extremely coarse halftone print portrait of a person, reproduced from a newspaper or similar printed source. The heavy dot pattern and significant degradation make fine facial details very difficult to discern, though the outline of a face is visible in the centre of the image. The paper has yellowed and the print has deteriorated considerably, suggesting the source material is of considerable age.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jun 11

11.06.1922|Polish Jewish woman Estera Raab née Terner was born in Chełm. In December 1942, she was deported to the German Nazi death camp SS-Sonderkommando #Sobibor. She was selected for labour and later escaped during the prisoner uprising and survived the #Holocaust.

Colour close-up photograph of an elderly woman with voluminous blonde-grey hair, wearing large round-framed glasses, pearl stud earrings, and a dark top. She appears to be mid-speech, with a serious, reflective expression. The background is softly blurred, suggesting the image was taken during a recorded interview or testimony.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jun 8

08.06.1943|Transport of 3017 Jews was sent from the Netherlands to the German Nazi extermination camp SS-Sonderkommando #Sobibor. None of those deportees survived the #Holocaust.

Black-and-white historical photograph showing the entrance gate to the Sobibór extermination camp. A large sign reading "SS Sonderkommando" spans the gateway, flanked by two striped flagpoles — one flying an SS flag and the other a Nazi swastika flag. Two uniformed guards are visible at the gate, with a third figure walking through the entrance. The gateway is flanked by dense evergreen hedging. A striped sentry box is visible on the left. A whitewashed building with a thatched roof is visible in the background.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jun 2

02.06.1942|The first transport of Jews was sent from the ghetto in Kraków to the German Nazi extermination camp SS-Sonderkommando #Belzec. Approximately 2,000 deportees were immediately murdered in the gas chambers upon their arrival at the camp. #Holocaust

Arched entrance gate to the Jewish ghetto in Warsaw, Poland, with Hebrew and Yiddish inscriptions and a Star of David above, blocking access to a city street.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· Jun 1

01.06.1943|Transport of 3005 Jews departed from Kamp Westerbork in the Netherlands to the German Nazi extermination camp SS-Sonderkommando #Sobibor. Deportees arrived 3 days later, most were immediately murdered in the gas chambers. One man from among them survived the #Holocaust – Jules Schelvis.

An elderly man wearing a dark fedora hat, black-framed glasses, a black coat, and a red scarf smiles warmly at the camera. The background is blurred, with another person partially visible behind him

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· May 29

29.05.1896|Polish Jewish man Zygfryd Chuwis was born in Lwów. He graduated in medicine from the University of Lwów and worked as a dentist. Zygfryd was arrested at his home on 16 August 1942 and deported to the German Nazi extermination camp SS-Sonderkommando #Belzec. #Holocaust.

A black-and-white portrait photograph of a man displayed on a vintage dental office card. Handwritten dates “1896–1942” appear above the image. Below the portrait, printed Polish text identifies him as Dr. Chuwis, a dentist specializing in diseases of the teeth and oral cavity, with a practice in Lwów offering technical services and electrotherapy.

Majdanek Museum@majdanekmuseum· May 28

OTD the SS held the first Kinderaktion at #Majdanek. Over 200 Jewish children had been spared during preliminary selections to give a false sense of safety to their mothers. On 28.05.1943 they were rallied from around the women's section, loaded on trucks and murdered in the gas chambers. #Holocaust