EU Institute for Security Studies

@euiss

The EUISS is the EU’s foreign & security policy think tank. We provide critical analysis and insights to inform the EU’s strategic choices. 🌐 iss.europa.eu

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EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 14

(7/9) Gallium is just one example. China controls more than 70% of the production or refining of 17 of the EU's 34 critical raw materials, creating similar vulnerabilities across industrial and defence supply chains.

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 14

(6/9) But the story doesn't end with market dominance. Beijing is now turning that position into a geo-economic weapon: restricting exports, demanding sensitive information from buyers & using access to CRM to coerce or deter countries that challenge its core interests.

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 14

(5/9) Without gallium, there are no gallium arsenide wafers. Without those wafers, there are no wireless semiconductors. And without those semiconductors, there are no modern fighter jets, guided munitions, drones, energy grids or smartphones.

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 14

(1/9) How China became the world's near-exclusive supplier of gallium. 🧵

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 14

Happy national day France! We're proud to call Paris home. Did you know our flagship Chaillot Papers take their name from the Chaillot hill in Paris, where the Institute's original premises were located?

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 13

The #NATOSummit avoided a transatlantic crisis, but Europe's biggest challenge still lies ahead: how to transition away from US-led deterrence without creating dangerous capability gaps. Today, we're taking stock of the summit & what it means for European defence readiness.

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 10

Europe doesn't need new trade defence weapons to respond to China's export surge. It needs to use its existing powers more decisively to deter coercion, strengthen its negotiating position & restore competitiveness before it's too late, writes @ruehlig.bsky.social. www.iss.europa.eu/publications...

Quote from EUISS Commentary written by Tim Rühlig, 'Europe does not need new trade weapons – it needs to pull the trigger' | "On paper, Europe's toolkit is impressive: the problem is not capability but credibility. Two structural gaps undermine deterrence: an 'activation gap' and a 'discretion gap'.

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 10

📢 Following NATO's Summit, Europeans need to move beyond capability development. Europe must replace the US 'backbone' in deterrence and turn political commitment into genuine European leadership in defence, argue @lscazzieri.bsky.social & @gspataf95.bsky.social. www.iss.europa.eu/publications...

New EUISS Commentary by Luigi Scazzieri & Giuseppe Spatafora | After the NATO summit: The road to European leadership in defence

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 9

🇨🇳 Europe must stop postponing the China debate. As Beijing increasingly uses trade, technology and critical raw materials as tools of power, reducing strategic dependencies is no longer just an economic imperative: it's a security one, writes @sbeverts.bsky.social. shorturl.at/Ss1mL

Quote from EUISS Commentary written by Steven Everts, 'Europe must really confront China now: Delay is no longer an option' | "The EU has a wide range of instruments to tackle Chinese malpractice. But those assets only count if they are played strategically. And that is precisely what Europe is failing to do."

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 9

Defence budgets are up by 40%. But money alone won't deliver readiness. @lscazzieri.bsky.social analyses how to 'Europeanise' deterrence by: 💰 Investing in the right priorities, learning from Ukraine's experience 🔗 Creating effective coordination mechanisms 💪 Signalling resolve ➡️ shorturl.at/b19GB

Chart showing European countries' military expenditure between 2022 and 2025. Defence spending increased across almost all countries, with Germany remaining the largest spender (€52bn to over €84bn, +62%). Poland (+107%), Denmark (+162%), Norway (+125%) and Luxembourg (+149%) recorded some of the largest percentage increases, while Greece was the only country to show a decline (-24%).

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 8

📢 Europe has taken steps to strengthen its resilience, but efforts remain fragmented. Nad’a Kovalčíková & @gspataf95.bsky.social analyse how an EU resilience planning capability can strengthen civilian-military cooperation towards whole-of-society preparedness. www.iss.europa.eu/publications...

Quote from EUISS Brief written by Nad’a Kovalčíková & Giuseppe Spatafora, 'Not just an addendum: Making resilience a key pillar of Europe’s defence' | "Although resilience falls mainly under national competences, the growing range of cross-border threats has highlighted the need for stronger coordination at the EU level."

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 7

⚠️ Europe doesn't lack trade weapons. It lacks the will to use them. @ruehlig.bsky.social argues the EU doesn't need new trade defence instruments. It needs to close the structural gaps that weaken the effectiveness of its existing ones and undermine its deterrence. www.iss.europa.eu/publications...

New EUISS Commentary by Tim Rühlig | Europe does not need new trade weapons – it needs to pull the trigger

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 6

🛡️ Civil preparedness and resilience are central to deterrence, yet Europe's efforts remain fragmented. Nad’a Kovalčíková & @gspataf95.bsky.social argue an EU resilience planning mechanism can improve threat assessment and guide coordinated capability development. www.iss.europa.eu/publications...

New EUISS Brief written by Nad’a Kovalčíková & Giuseppe Spatafora | Not just an addendum: Making resilience a key pillar of Europe's defence

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 3

US commitment to NATO is once again under scrutiny ahead of #NATOSummit. Rather than waiting for Washington's plans, Europe should actively shape the transition towards greater responsibility for its own defence, argues @gspataf95.bsky.social. ➡️ shorturl.at/b19GB

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 2

For Europe, China is always important but never urgent. That must change. The EU needs to stop procrastinating & take actions to defend its interests against a power that increasingly weaponises trade, technology & interdependence, writes @sbeverts.bsky.social. ➡️ shorturl.at/Ss1mL

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jul 1

As Russia's threat grows & US engagement in European security becomes less certain, the challenge is clear: Europe must build-up its own deterrence. How? ➡️ Resources. Readiness. Resolve. @lscazzieri.bsky.social explains

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jun 30

We're recruiting a Senior Policy Analyst to work on hybrid threats! ⏰ Apply by Friday: shorturl.at/j1OTl

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jun 30

HRVP Kaja Kallas & Commissioners Kos & Brunner are in #Türkiye today. As Ankara expands its global influence, we examine how the country combines diverse diplomatic tools & targeted communication to advance its interests in key regions. ➡️ shorturl.at/quZif

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jun 29

China mines or refines 17 of the 34 materials classified as critical by the EU. Current diversification efforts aren't enough. Europe needs a coalition with the US, Japan & other partners to build viable supply chains outside China. @joristeer.bsky.social explains how: shorturl.at/Nears

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jun 26

(9/10) The 3rd dimension of deterrence is resolve. Does Moscow believe Europeans would defend one another in a crisis? Resolve is built through stronger forward deployments, more demanding exercises, resilience against hybrid threats & closer cooperation on nuclear deterrence.

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jun 26

(8/10) Readiness is also about resilience. Deterrence is not credible if Europe's critical infrastructure and societies cannot withstand attack. Securing critical infrastructure, protecting energy systems and preparing society for conflict are all part of defence.

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jun 26

(7/10) Readiness also means adapting to the transformation of warfare. Cheap drones & rapid innovation are changing the battlefield. Europe must learn from Ukraine and develop, produce & deploy "good enough" capabilities faster, rather than waiting years for perfect ones.

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jun 26

(6/10) A key element of readiness is being able to operate with less US support. That means closing major capability gaps, from air defence to intelligence, and strengthening military cooperation through joint procurement and greater operational integration.

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jun 26

(5/10) Readiness is the ability to turn those resources into military power.

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jun 26

(4/10) Resources are the material foundations of deterrence. 🪖 Military capabilities 🏭 Defence industry ⚡ Secure energy supplies 🔋 Critical raw materials 💻 Advanced technologies

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jun 26

(2/10) Europeans have made significant progress: Defence spending is up. Military production is increasing. New initiatives are multiplying. But much more remains to be done.

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jun 26

(1/10) Europe faces its most dangerous security environment in decades. Intelligence assessments suggest Russia may attack an EU Member State in the coming years. As US engagement in Europe becomes less certain, how can Europe strengthen deterrence? 🧵

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jun 24

Belarus is increasingly becoming part of a single military space with Russia, creating new risks for both the EU and Ukraine. @ditrych.bsky.social on how Europe should respond ➡️ shorturl.at/H3TjX

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jun 24

🗓️ Today at 11.00! Watch here: www.youtube.com/live/B1eaR9P...

EU Institute for Security Studies@euiss· Jun 23

Belarus is becoming a platform for Russian military power, coercion & intimidation against the EU. To address this growing threat, Europe needs a strategy combining pressure, conditional incentives & support for democratic forces, argues @ditrych.bsky.social. shorturl.at/H3TjX